Biblical Languages

Extracted text from BH178_Shortcourse_2882_Jan_and_June_2011.docx:

BIBLICAL HEBREW 178: Presented as Short Course 2882 (2011) GENERAL INFORMATION

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WHAT IS THE ANCIENT NEAR EAST?

The Ancient near East refers to the area from Turkey in the North to the Sudan in the South, from the Mediterranean Sea in the West to Iran in the East. It is the place where African-, Semitic and Indo-European cultures, literatures and religions co-existed. Biblical Hebrew is a Semitic language. 2 THE AIM OF BIBLICAL HEBREW (=BH) 178

This course (178) is aimed at enabling students to: Understand and use the BH writing system Read a narrative text in BH aloud Know 420 BH words in their cultural context. This includes a basic view of, and understanding of, the world of the Bible. Be able to render the most basic paradigms concerning the manner in which nouns, pronouns and verbs are formed, Have a general view of the grammar of BH. The use of the electronical library LIBRONIX. Reading and translating a selection of narrative texts with the help of the Biblical Hebrew Reference Grammar and LIBRONIX. 3 CONTENTS

Hebrew as Ancient Near Eastern language in its cultural context: a Geographical and cultural-historical view of the Ancient Near East 1



the geography of Palestine the cultural-historical background of the Old Testament

Hebrew as Ancient Near Eastern language: 4 The writing system The pronunciation The way in which words are formed The way in which words are combined to form sentences The meaning of grammatical constructions A basic vocabulary in cultural context (420 words). TIME-TABLE

According to the yearbook there are three lectures as well as a compulsory tutorial period in this module. Daily programme: 07h00-07h30 07h30-08h00 08h00-08h20 08h20-08h30 08h30-09h00 09h00-10h00 10h00-10h30 10h30-11h30 11h30-12h30 12h30-14h00 14h00-15h00 15h00-16h00 16h00-16h15 16h15-17h15 Breakfast Assessment Devotion Daily Administration Students prepare for Lecture 1 Lecture 1 Coffee break Study Lecture 2 Lunch break Study Lecture 3 Tea break Tutorial

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5 5.1

TEACHING General

In this module three lectures are given every day plus a tutorial/assessment every morning and/or afternoon 5.1.1 Attendance of lectures, preparation, assignments and assessments

Attendance of classes is compulsory . Students who do not attend may receive an incomplete for t he course. Lecturers will take notice of students class attendance. Students should come to lectures prepared . The prescribed parts indicated in the program below should be followed. A class assessment can be given at any time and the mark will form part your final results. Therefore this booklet must be consulted every day so that a student can know exactly what will be expected of him/her in every lecture. The lectures will partly be in a question-and-answer format, partly in the form of formal lectures and partly in a discussion format. Participation in the classes by students is taken into account in the determination of final marks. 5.1.2 Student feedback and complaints

Students will have ample opportunity to assess lecturers anonymously. Please feel welcome to discuss any problem with the lecturer. No discrimination will take place when a student complains about something. Should a problem not be rectified after discussing it with the lecturer, the class representative can take the problem up with the Head of Department or the Dean of the Faculty of Arts if the lecturer is the Head of the Department.

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6 6.1

ASSESSMENT General

Assessing is continuous and there will be no second exam opportunity. All assessment opportunities are compulsory (tutorials, assessments and assignments). Components and percentages for the first semesters part of the year course

6.2

Module 178 (Biblical Hebrew): (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i) (j) 6.3 Class assessments and class participation: Oral assesments (3 times) Semester assessment 1: Semester assessment 2 Semester assessment 3 Revision assessment Semester assessment 4 Semester assessment 5 Semester assessment 6 Semester assessment 7 Assessment dates 20% 5% 5% 10% 10% 10% 5% 10% 10% 15%

Module 178 (Hebrew grammar) (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) Class assessments as indicated. Oral 1: Week 1: Friday Semester assessment 1: Week 2: Friday at 15h00 Semester assessment 2: Week 3: Friday at 15h00 Semester assessment 3: Week 4: Thursday at 15h00 Revision: Oral 2: 30 May at 11h00 4 June at 9h30-11h00 4

(h) (i) (j) (k) (l) 7 1. 2.

Semester assessment 4: Week 5: Friday at 15h00 Semester assessment 5: Week 6: Friday at 15h00 Semester assessment 6: Week 7: Friday at 15h00 Oral 3: Week 8: Wednesday at 16h00 Semester assessment 7: Week 8: Thursday at 15h00 PRESCRIBED READING Van der Merwe, C.H.J. 2011. Workbook for Biblical Hebrew 178 (BHW)(as classnotes) Van der Merwe, C.H.J., Naud, J.A. and Kroeze, J.H. 1999. A Biblical Hebrew Reference Grammar (BHR). Sheffield, 1999.

FIRST SEMESTER I.E. WEEKS 1-4 JAN-FEBR 2011

SECOND SEMESTER I.E. WEEKS 5-8 MAY-JUNE 2011

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WEEK 1: MONDAY ONE Theme The ANE and its people. a Historical overview I (3rd millennium) Assignment Revise PowerPoint 1 and 2 Read BHW 1.1 and 1.2 TWO Theme The ANE and its people. a Historical overview II (2nd and 1st millennium) Assignment Revise PowerPoint 3 and 4 Read BHW 1.3-5 and 2.1-2 THREE Theme Syro-Palestine: a geographical and historical orientation Reading BHW 3

Assignment Revise PowerPoint 5 and Read BHW 3

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WEEK 1: TUESDAY ASSESSMENT Theme Class assessment 1 Content BHW 1-3 ONE Theme The Hebrew alphabet I Assignment Read Biblical Hebrew Reference Grammar (=BHRG and BHW) 4.1 Memorize the consonants of the alphabet. TWO Theme The Hebrew alphabet II Assignment Read BHRG 4.2 (note it is not only BHW 4.2) Prepare BHW 4.3.1-2 THREE Theme Tutorial on the Hebrew alphabet I-II Assignment Answer the questions of the assignment in BHW 4.3.1-4 (Students must prepare the exercise in writing for discussion in class.)

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WEEK 1: WEDNESDAY ASSESSMENT Theme Class assessment 2 Content BHW 4 ONE Theme Language and writing systems of the Ancient Near East and the development of the alphabet. TWO Theme The Hebrew alphabet IV Assignment Read BHW 5.1 (=BHRG 5.1 and 5.2) Memorise the vowels THREE Theme The Hebrew alphabet V Assignment Memorise the vowels and answer the questions in BHW 5.2.1-5 1 Sam 3:3-6 will be read to students

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WEEK 1: THURSDAY ASSESSMENT Theme Class assessment 3 Content BHW 5 ONE Theme The Hebrew alphabet VI: Diphthongs and accents Assignment BHW 6.1 (=BHRG 6-7) TWO Theme The Hebrew alphabet VII: Die Masoretic signs Assignment BHW 6.3 (=BHRG 8) THREE Theme The Hebrew alphabet VIII: Reading a text Assignment Prepare BHW 6.2 and 6.4 Practice reading of 1 Sam 3

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WEEK 1: FRIDAY ONE Theme Reading 1 Sam 3 TWO Theme Reading 1 Sam 3 THREE Theme Assessment Content Reading 1 Sam 3

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WEEK 2: MONDAY ONE Theme The worldview of the people and division of time Powerpoint 6 and 7

Assignment Read BHW 7.1-2 Memorise Vocabulary 1

TWO Theme The geography of Palestine Powerpoint 8 Assignment Read BHW 7.3 Memorise Vocabulary 2 THREE Theme The geography of Palestine and the worldview of its people Assignment Prepare BHW 7.4-5 Memorise Vocabulary 3

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WEEK 2: TUESDAY ASSESSMENT Theme Class assessment 4 Content BHW 7 Vocabulary 1-4 ONE Theme Cultural history I: The world of the patriarchs Powerpoint 9 and 10 Assignment Read BHW 8.1 Memorise Vocabulary 5 TWO Theme Cultural history II: The world of the patriarchs Assignment Prepare BHW 8.2.1-2 Memorise Vocabulary 6 THREE Theme Cultural history III: The world of the patriarchs Assignment Prepare BHW 9.1-3 Memorise Vocabulary 7 12

WEEK 2: WEDNESDAY ASSESSMENT Theme Class assessment 5 Content BHW 8-9 Vocabulary 1-8 ONE Theme Gender, number and determinativeness in BH Assignment Read BHW 10.1-3 Memorise Vocabulary 9 TWO Theme Cultural history III and conjunctions I Assignment Read BHW 11.1-11.2 Memorise Vocabulary 10 THREE Theme Cultural history III and conjunctions I Assignment Prepare BHW 11.3.1-3 Memorise Vocabulary 11 13

WEEK 2: THURSDAY ASSESSMENT Theme Class assessment 6 Content BHW 10-11 Vocabulary 1-11 ONE Theme Gender, number, conjunctions and cultural history III Assignment Prepare the excercises in BHW 10.4.1-2 TWO Theme Gender, number, conjunctions and cultural history III Assignment Prepare the excercises in BHW 10.4.3.

THREE Theme Revision

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WEEK 2: FRIDAY SEMESTER ASSESSMENT 1 Theme Assessment Content BHW 4-11 Vocabulary 1-11

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WEEK 3: MONDAY ONE Theme Cultural history IV and prepositions I Assignment Read BHW 12.1-2 Memorise Vocabulary 12 TWO Theme Cultural history IV and prepositions I Assignment Prepare BHW 12.3 Memorise Vocabulary 13 THREE Theme Cultural history V: The family and social organization PowerPoint 11 Assignment Read BHW 13 Memorise Vocabulary 14

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WEEK 3: TUESDAY ASSESSMENT Theme Class assessment 7 Content BHW 12-13 Vocabulary 12-15 ONE Theme The form and function of the status construct in Hebrew Assignment Read BHW 14.1 Prepare BHW 14.2 Memorise Vocabulary 16 TWO Theme The form and function of the status construct in Hebrew Assignment Prepare BHW 14.3-5 Memorise Vocabulary 17 THREE Theme Cultural history VI: The religious situation during 1280-1020 BC Assignment Read BHW 15.1-2 Memorise Vocabulary 18 17

WEEK 3: WEDNESDAY ASSESSMENT Theme Class assessment 8 Content BHW 14-15 (with focus on 15.2.2) Vocabulary 16-18 ONE Theme Cultural history VII: The human of the Biblical world and his/her body Assignment Read BHW 16.1-3 Memorise Vocabulary 19 TWO Theme Cultural history VII: The human of the Biblical world and his/her body Assignment Read BHW 16.4-5 Prepare 16.6.1-10 Memorise Vocabulary 20 THREE Theme Cultural history VII: The person of the Biblical world and his/her body

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Assignment Prepare 16.6.10-30 Memorise Vocabulary 21

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WEEK 3: THURSDAY ASSESSMENT Theme Class assessment 9 Content BHW 16 Vocabulary 19-21 ONE Theme Pronouns I Assignment Read BHW 17.1-3 Memorise Vocabulary 22 TWO Theme Pronouns I Assignment Prepare BHW 17.4 Memorise Vocabulary 23 THREE Theme Pronouns II: personal suffixes Assignment Read BHW 18.1 Prepare BHW 18.2.2 (1-40) Memorise Vocabulary 24 20

WEEK 3: FRIDAY SEMESTER ASSESSMENT 2 Theme Assessment Content BHW 12-18 Vocabulary 1-24

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WEEK 4: MONDAY ONE Theme Pronouns III: personal suffixes to prepositions Assignment Read BHW 19.1-2 Memorise Vocabulary 25 TWO Theme Pronouns III: personal suffixes to prepositions Assignment Read BHW 19.1-2 Prepare BHW 19.3 Memorise Vocabulary 26 THREE Theme Verbs I: Verbs, the structuring of sentences and word order Assignment Read BHW 20.1 and 21 Memorise Vocabulary 27

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WEEK 4: TUESDAY ASSESSMENT Theme Class assessment 10 Content BHW 19 Vocabulary 25-27 ONE Theme Verbs II: Characteristics of BH verbs and the Qal perfect form Assignment Read BHW 22.1-3 Prepare BHW 22.4.1 Memorise Vocabulary 28 TWO Theme Verbs II: Characteristics of BH verbs and the Qal perfect form Assignment Prepare BHW 22.4.2 (1-11) Memorize the Qal perfect paradigm Memorise Vocabulary 29 THREE Theme Verbs II Assignment Prepare BHW 22.4.2 (11-20) Memorize the Qal perfect paradigm Memorise Vocabulary 30 23

WEEK 4: WEDNESDAY ASSESSMENT Theme Class assessment 11 Content BHW 20.1 and 22 Vocabulary 28-30 ONE Theme Verbs III: Qal imperfect form Assignment Read BHW 23.1-2 Prepare BHW 23.3.1 Memorise Vocabulary 31 TWO Theme Verbs III: Qal imperfect form Assignment Read BHW 23.1-2 Prepare BHW 23.3.2 Memorise Vocabulary 32 THREE Theme Different types of waw Assignment Read BHW 24 Prepare BHW 24.3 Memorise Vocabulary 33

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WEEK 4: THURSDAY SEMESTER ASSESSMENT 3 Theme Assessment Content Vocabulary 1-33 BHW 19-24

END OF FIRST SEMESTER

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WEEK 5: MONDAY (30/05/11) ONE Theme Revision and Cultural History VIII Assignment Memorise Vocabulary 34 TWO Theme Revision assessment Prescribed work: The same work as the final semester assessment of the first semester: 1. 2. 3. 4. Vocabulary (1-33) The basic paradigms The parsing of BH expressions The literal (word-for-word) translation of BH sentences

THREE Theme Directives: imperative, jussive and cohortative Assignment Memorise Vocabulary 35 Read BHW 26.1-5 Prepare BHW 26.6:1-10

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WEEK 5: TUESDAY (31/05/11) ONE Theme The infinite construct (inf cs) Assignment Memorise Vocabulary 36-37 Read BHW 27.2-4 Prepare BHW 27.4:1-12 TWO Theme The infinite absolute and the participle Assignment Memorise Vocabulary 38 Read BHW 28.1-3 Prepare BHW 28.4 THREE Theme Numerals I Assignment Read Numerals : BHW 29.1-5 Memorise Vocabulary 39

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WEEK 5: WEDNESDAY (01/06/11) ASSESSMENT Theme Class assessment 12 Content BHW 25-28 Vocabulary 35-39 ONE Theme Numerals II Assignment Read Numerals: BHW 29.3-5 Prepare BHW 29.6 Memorise Vocabulary 40 TWO Theme Organization of the cult Assignment Memorise Vocabulary 41 Read BHW 30.2-4 THREE Theme The QAL and NIPHAL stem formations Assignment Learn the QAL and the basic features of the NIPHAL stem formations Read BHRG 16.1-3 and answer the questions in BHW 31.4.

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WEEK 5: THURSDAY (02/06/11) ASSESSMENT Theme Class assessment 13 Content BHW 29-31.4 ONE Theme The PIEL, PUAL and HITHPAEL stem formations Assignment Learn the basic features of the PIEL and PUAL stem formations Read BHRG 16.4-6 and answer the questions in BHW 31.7.1 TWO Theme Stem formations Assignment Learn the basic features of the HITHPAEL stem formation Memorise Vocabulary 42 Prepare BHW 31.7.2 THREE Theme The HIPHIL and HOPHAL stem formations Assignment Learn the basic features of the HIPHIL and HOPHAL stem formations Read BHRG 16.7-8 and answer the questions in BHW 31.10.1 Memorise Vocabulary 43 29

WEEK 5: Friday (03/06/11) ONE Theme Stem formations Assignment Prepare BHW 31.10.2

SEMESTER ASSESSMENT 4 Theme Assessment Content BHW 25-31 Vocabulary 34-43 WEEK 5: SATURDAY (04/06/11) 08H00-10H00 Theme Paratext and the linguistic analysis of 1 Kgs 12 10H30-12H00 Theme Oral 2 Content 1 Sam 8

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WEEK 6: MONDAY (06/06/11) ONE Theme The division of the empire Assignment Memorise Vocabulary 44 Read BHW 32 TWO Theme Reading a BH text: BHW 33 Assignment Prepare 1 Kings 12:1-3 Memorise Vocabulary 45 THREE Theme Reading a BH text: BHW 33 Assignment Prepare 1 Kings 12:1-4-6 Memorise Vocabulary 46

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WEEK 6: TUESDAY (07/06/11) ASSESSMENT Theme Class assessment 14 Content 1 Kings 12:1-6 Vocabulary 44-46 ONE Theme Reading a BH text: BHW 33 Assignment Prepare 1 Kings 12:7-11 Memorise Vocabulary 47 TWO Theme Personal suffixes added to verbs Assignment Read BHRG 17 and answer questions in BHW 34.2.1 Memorise Vocabulary 48 THREE Theme Exercise in the recognition of personal suffixes added to verbs Assignment Prepare BHW 34.2.2-3 Memorise Vocabulary 49

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WEEK 6: WEDNESDAY (08/06/11) ASSESSMENT Theme Class assessment 15 Content Parsing of verbs with personal suffixes: BHW 34 1 Kgs 7-11 Vocabulary 48-50 ONE Theme Reading a BH text: BHW 35 Assignment Prepare 1 Ki 12:12-14 Memorise Vocabulary 51 TWO Theme Reading a BH text: BHW 35 Assignment Prepare 1 Ki 12:15-17 Memorise Vocabulary 52 THREE Theme Reading a BH text: BHW 35 Assignment Prepare 1 Ki 12:18-20 Memorise Vocabulary 53 33

WEEK 6: THURSDAY (09/06/11) ASSESSMENT Theme Class assessment 16 Content BHW 35 (1 Kgs 12:12-20) Vocabulary 51-53 ONE Theme Reading a BH text: BHW 35 Assignment

Prepare 1 Ki 12:21-24 TWO Theme Reading a BH text: BHW 35 Assignment

Prepare 1 Ki 12:25-27

THREE Theme Revision

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WEEK 6: FRIDAY (10/06/11) SEMESTER ASSESSMENT 5 Theme Assessment Content BHW 32-35 Vocabulary 34-53

WEEK 2: SATURDAY (11/06/11) 8H30-11H00 Theme Paratext and the linguistic analysis of 1 Kgs 12

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WEEK 7: MONDAY (13/06/11) ONE Theme Irregular verbs I Assignment Read BHW 36.1.1 Prepare BHW 36.1.2 Memorise Vocabulary 54 TWO Theme Irregular verbs II Assignment Read BHRG 18.2 and 18.6 Prepare BHW 36.2.2 Memorise Vocabulary 55 THREE Theme Irregular verbs III Assignment Read BHRG 18.3-4 Prepare BHW 36.3.2 Memorise Vocabulary 56

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WEEK 7: TUESDAY (14/06/11) ASSESSMENT Theme Class assessment 17 Content BHW 36.1-3 Vocabulary 54-56 ONE Theme Irregular verbs IV Assignment Read BHRG 18.5 Prepare BHW 36.4.2 Memorise Vocabulary 57 TWO Theme Irregular verbs Assignment Prepare BHW 36.4.3 Memorise Vocabulary 58 THREE Theme Irregular verbs V Assignment Read BHRG 18:7 Prepare BHW 36.5.2 Memorise Vocabulary 59 37

WEEK 7: WEDNESDAY(15/06/11) ASSESSMENT Theme Class assessment 18 Content BHW 36.4-5 Vocabulary 57-59 ONE Theme Irregular verbs V (exercise) Assignment Prepare BHW 36.6 Memorise Vocabulary 60 TWO Theme Irregular verbs VI Assignment Read BHRG 18.8 (excluding 18.8(iv)) Prepare BHW 36.7.2 and 36.7.3.1-10 THREE Theme Irregular verbs Assignment Prepare BHW 36.7:11-30

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WEEK 7: THURSDAY (16/06/11) ASSESSMENT Theme Class assessment 19 Content BHW 36.5-7 Vocabulary 50-60 ONE Theme The two kingdoms of Israel Assignment Read BHW 37 Revise Vocabulary 1-10 TWO Theme Reading a BH text: BHW 38 Assignment 1 Ki 17:1-3 (The two kingdoms: the story of Elijah) Revise Vocabulary 11-15 THREE Theme Reading a BH text: BHW 38 Assignment Prepare 1 Ki 17:4-6 Revise Vocabulary 16-20

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WEEK 7: FRIDAY (17/06/11) SEMESTER ASSESSMENT 6 Theme Assessment Content BHW 36-38 (1 Ki 17:1-6) Vocabulary 1-20 and 50-60

WEEK 7: SATURDAY (18/06/11) 8H30-11H00 Theme Paratext and the linguistic analysis 1 Ki 17

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WEEK 8: MONDAY (20/06/11) ONE Theme Reading a BH text: BHW 38 Assignment Prepare 1 Ki 17:7-9 Revise Vocabulary 26-30 TWO Theme Reading a BH text: BHW 38 Assignment Prepare 1 Ki 17:10-12 Revise Vocabulary 31-36 THREE Theme Reading a BH text: BHW 38 Assignment Prepare 1 Ki 17:13-15 Revise Vocabulary 37-40

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WEEK 8: TUESDAY (21/06/11) ASSESSMENT Theme Class assessment 20 Content BHW 38 (1 Ki 17:7-15) Vocabulary 30-40 ONE Theme Reading a BH text: BHW 38 Assignment Prepare 1 Ki 17:16-18 Vocabulary 41-45 TWO Theme Reading a BH text: BHW 38 Assignment Prepare 1 Ki 17:19-21 Vocabulary 46-50 THREE Theme Reading a BH text: BHW 38 Assignment Prepare 1 Ki 17:22-24

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WEEK 8: WEDNESDAY (22/06/11) ASSESSMENT Theme Class assessment 21 Content BHW 38 Vocabulary 40-50 ONE Theme Oral Content 1 Ki 17 TWO Theme Oral Content 1 Ki 17 ORAL 3 Theme The Rabbi, parsing and literal translation Content 1 Ki 17:1-24 and vocabulary 1-60

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WEEK 8: THURSDAY (23/06/11) SEMESTER ASSESSMENT 7 Theme Assessment Content Vocabulary 1-60 BHW 25-38

END OF SECOND SEMESTER

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