Cultural Leadership Styles

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Extracted text from AnthroLeadership.pptx:

Personal freedom Social solidarityPersonal freedom Social solidarityIncreasing limits on personal freedom Cognitive Clusters (Douglas) Hierarchist Cooperation within structure Isolate Alienation Enclavist (communitarian) Cooperation in dissent Individualist Individual competition Increasing solidarityFour cognitive types, or thought styles. If anyone protests that there are really fifteen, five hundred, or two thousand [cultural] types, or six or eight dimensions, they mistake the exercise. Eleven thousand or a million would not be enough to cover the variety that is out there. Douglas, Missing Persons, p. 101.Leadership styles The thought styles above produce (at least) four leadership styles. The Isolate thought style does not produce any leadership style. The Individualist and Hierarchical thought styles produce one each. The Communitarian thought style produces two leadership styles: cooperative and consensus.Individualist cultural styleHow would you finish this sentence? A leader...Goes out ahead / in front (has followers) Opens the way Takes risks Sets the agenda (innovatively) ...?Hierarchical cultural styleHow would you finish this sentence? A leader...Has control (has subordinates) Speaks and acts with authority Assigns tasks to others Sets the agenda (traditionally) ...?Cooperative cultural styleHow would you finish this sentence? A leader...Listens Communicates Mediates Encourages ...?Consensus cultural styleHow would you finish this sentence? A leader...Finds common ground Represents the group consensus Is patient Is supportive ...?Different (cognitive) cultural models: Individualist leader out in front (risk) Hierarchical leader up on top (authority) Cooperative leader in midst (team builder) Consensus leader in back (representative)Increasing limits on personal freedom Cognitive Clusters (Douglas) Hierarchist Cooperation within structure Isolate Alienation Enclavist (communitarian) Cooperation in dissent Individualist Individual competition Increasing solidarityWhich one is the leader?Which one is the leader? (situational leadership)Which one is the leader? (distributed leadership)Hybrid styles Often the cooperative and consensus leadership styles are contained within a higher-level organizational structure of Individualist or Hierarchical cultural leadership styles. Other hybrids are also possible, but only one can operate effectively at any one given point.Which style is best? It depends on the situation. It depends on the people (leaders and followers / subordinates). It depends on the cultural context. With the right situation/ people/ culture, any and all styles can work.